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Monday, September 24, 2012

Medicaid Risk Adjustment

By Debbie Watte


Risk adjustment is used in the American Health System to circumvent against the risk of a contingent, uncertain loss. Medicaid risk adjustment is used to keep costs down and ensure coverage for the large number of beneficiaries relying on its coverage. Risk management facilitates the likelihood of continuity for millions of beneficiaries. Medicaid benefits protect the beneficiary against the risk of high-cost medical care in the case of a serious accident or illness. Fortunately not all Medicaid beneficiaries will experience high-cost medical occurrences, but for those who do, the impact could be catastrophic.

The selection of a large risk pool is necessary to establish stable and measurable data that can be used in the estimation of future costs. Risk adjustment is designed to leverage the financial strain of the high cost members across a large group of people. Beneficiaries in the risk pool may pay higher costs than their actual health services cost however they do so with the assurance of medical coverage in the event of major health issues. The excess payments are pooled and applied to the cost of individuals who do experience high-cost events. Pooling risk is fundamental for all types of insurance.

Risk selection is imperative in the process of risk adjustment. Risk selection can occur by chance or by stringent practices implemented by health plans. Health plans are compensated for accepting the risk of enrolling beneficiaries with of variety of health statuses. Payments based on a capitation rate are a key component in the functionality of the Medicaid system.

Medicaid beneficiaries vary greatly in terms of their health status which affects their use of benefits and the care associated. Individuals with greater health issues will require more care and will have higher medical costs than those in better health. Risk selection is used to help average the costs across the board. If Medicaid selected only the highest-cost beneficiaries it would have difficulty remaining viable with unadjusted capitation rates. In contrast, if it selected a healthier-than-average pool in its enrollment, it would make excess profits at the expense of the enrollees.

Medicaid continues to be one of the world's largest health insurance programs. Medicaid risk adjustment is an essential component in Medicaid's viability and continuity. Providing high-quality, low cost health care for an extremely large and diverse group of people is a momentous task. The Centers for Medicaid and Medicare are continuously assessing new procedures practices and methods in attempt to improve the care it offers, while keeping costs to a minimal.




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